Sub-Saharan Africa has recently received substantial foreign investment in the garment industry. Governments in the various countries have put a great deal of effort into attracting the garment industry, and have competed with their neighbouring countries in offering incentives for manufacturing companies to start production - and later on to continue production - in their countries. Have these efforts been beneficial for the countries in question and who has really gained from these efforts? What have been the consequences of attracting what is known to be an unstable, footloose industry? This report brings together various case studies and analyses, and looks at the consequences of this investment for those that it should ultimately benefit; the population and workers in the garment industry in the various countries in Africa. This report focuses on Lesotho and Swaziland as two countries that received a share of the foreign investment and whose garment industries and exports have grown substantially. Attention is also given to several Asian production companies that have started production in Sub-Saharan Africa, benefiting from trade acts and incentives given.