Grievance mechanisms exist at the project, company, sector, national, regional and international levels. They may directly address a company’s behaviour and responsibilities, a government’s obligation to protect citizens or an institution’s duty to comply with its policies and procedures. Grievance mechanisms also vary in objective, approach, target groups, composition, government backing, procedure and costs.

International grievance mechanisms include:

• Inspection Panel of the World Bank
• Compliance Advisor Ombudsman of the International Finance Corporation and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
• OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
• Committee on Freedom of Association of the International Labour Organization

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